Overview

What is Armchain?

Armchain is a quantum-resistant Layer 1 blockchain. Think of it as an Ethereum-compatible chain that swaps out the traditional signature scheme (ECDSA) for a quantum-safe one (ML-DSA44, standardized by NIST in FIPS 204). This means your smart contracts, tokens, and dApps get the same developer experience you're used to, but with cryptography designed to withstand future quantum computers.

Armchain uses the Lachesis aBFT consensus protocol for instant finality. Once a transaction is confirmed, it's permanent with no chance of rollbacks or reorganizations. The network maintains full EVM compatibility (London fork), so standard Solidity contracts deploy without any changes.

Why Armchain?

The Quantum Threat: Why It Matters

Current blockchain networks (Ethereum, Bitcoin, etc.) rely on ECDSA signatures based on the secp256k1 elliptic curve. A sufficiently powerful quantum computer running Shor's algorithm could break these signatures, which would mean:

  • Signature forgery: Attackers could authorize transactions from any address

  • Private key recovery: On-chain public keys could be used to derive private keys

  • Consensus takeover: Validator authentication could be compromised

While large-scale quantum computers don't exist yet, the "harvest now, decrypt later" threat is real today. Adversaries can store signed blockchain data now and attempt to crack it later when quantum hardware matures.

How Armchain Addresses This

Armchain uses post-quantum cryptography at every layer of the protocol:

Layer
Classical (Ethereum)
Armchain (Post-Quantum)

User Transactions

ECDSA (secp256k1)

ML-DSA44 (FIPS 204)

Validator Signatures

ECDSA

ML-DSA44

Wallet Key Derivation

BIP-32/44 with secp256k1

BIP-32/44 with ML-DSA44 (hardened only)

Address Format

keccak256(ECDSA pubkey)

keccak256(ML-DSA44 pubkey)

Transaction Type

Type 0/1/2

Type 3 (PQC)

Instant Finality

Unlike Ethereum where you might wait several minutes for full finality, Armchain's Lachesis aBFT consensus provides deterministic, immediate finality:

  • No rollbacks: Confirmed transactions are irreversibly final

  • Asynchronous: No synchronous rounds or timeouts

  • Byzantine fault tolerant: Tolerates up to 1/3 malicious validators

  • DAG-based: Parallel event processing via a directed acyclic graph

EVM Compatibility

If you've built on Ethereum, you can build on Armchain. The network runs a full Ethereum Virtual Machine (London fork):

  • Standard Solidity contracts deploy without modification

  • Remix IDE for development and deployment

  • Hardhat for compilation and project structure (signing requires the Armchain Ethers SDK)

  • Armchain Ethers SDK (@armchain-ethersv6/ethers) for dApp development

  • Standard JSON-RPC APIs (eth_sendTransaction, eth_call, etc.)

  • ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155 token standards

  • EIP-1559 gas pricing and EIP-2930 access lists

Architecture at a Glance

Here's how the different layers of Armchain fit together:

Layer
Components

Applications

dApps, Wallets, Smart Contracts

JSON-RPC API

eth, arm, dag, admin, personal namespaces

EVM

Ethereum Virtual Machine (London fork rules)

Transaction Processing

Type 3 PQC transactions, EIP-1559 gas

Lachesis aBFT Consensus

DAG ordering, event emission, instant finality

ML-DSA44 Cryptography

Signatures, key management, validation

P2P Network

devp2p, gossip protocol, peer discovery

Armchain vs. Other Chains

Feature
Armchain
Ethereum
Polygon PoS
Arbitrum

Consensus

Lachesis aBFT

Gasper (PoS)

pBFT + PoS

Optimistic Rollup

Finality

Instant

~15 min

~2 min

~7 days (L1)

Quantum Safe

✅ ML-DSA44

❌ ECDSA

❌ ECDSA

❌ ECDSA

EVM Compatible

✅ (native)

Layer

L1

L1

L1 sidechain

L2

Native Token

ARM

ETH

POL

ETH

Who is This Documentation For?

Whether you're an experienced blockchain developer or just getting started, you'll find guides tailored to your role:

  • dApp Developers: Smart contract deployment and interaction

  • SDK/Library Authors: Integrating post-quantum signing into tooling

  • Node Operators: Running full/archive nodes and validators

  • Wallet Developers: Implementing quantum-safe key management

  • Researchers: Post-quantum blockchain architecture

Next Steps

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